Molecular weight (DA)
51kD
Immunogen
The antiserum was produced against synthesized peptide derived from human Parkin around the phosphorylation site of Ser131. AA range:101-150
Specificity
Phospho-Parkin (S131) Polyclonal Antibody detects endogenous levels of Parkin protein only when phosphorylated at S131.
Formulation
Liquid in PBS containing 50% glycerol, 0.5% BSA and 0.02% sodium azide.
Dilution rate
IHC: 1/100 - 1/300. ELISA: 1/20000.. IF 1:50-200
Purification process (Immunogen)
The antibody was affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogen.
Background
The precise function of this gene is unknown; however, the encoded protein is a component of a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that mediates the targeting of substrate proteins for proteasomal degradation. Mutations in this gene are known to cause Parkinson disease and autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson disease. Alternative splicing of this gene produces multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Additional splice variants of this gene have been described but currently lack transcript support. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],
Function
disease:Defects in PARK2 are a cause of Parkinson disease (PD) [MIM:168600]. PD is a complex, multifactorial disorder that typically manifests after the age of 50 years, although early-onset cases (before 50 years) are known. PD generally arises as a sporadic condition but is occasionally inherited as a simple mendelian trait. Although sporadic and familial PD are very similar, inherited forms of the disease usually begin at earlier ages and are associated with atypical clinical features. PD is characterized by bradykinesia, resting tremor, muscular rigidity and postural instability, as well as by a clinically significant response to treatment with levodopa. The pathology of PD involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies (intraneuronal accumulations of aggregated proteins), in surviving neurons in various areas of the brain.,disease:D
Protein name
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin
Other name
PARK2; PRKN; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin; Parkinson juvenile disease protein 2; Parkinson disease protein 2
Fields
>>Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis;>>Mitophagy - animal;>>Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum;>>Parkinson disease;>>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis;>>Pathways of neurodegeneration - multiple diseases
Human protein sequence Database
O60260
Mouse protein sequence database
Q9WVS6
Rat protein sequence database
Cellular localization
Cytoplasm, cytosol . Nucleus . Endoplasmic reticulum . Mitochondrion . Mitochondrion outer membrane . Cell projection, neuron projection . Cell junction, synapse, postsynaptic density . Cell junction, synapse, presynapse . Mainly localizes in the cytosol (PubMed:19029340, PubMed:19229105). Co-localizes with SYT11 in neutrites (PubMed:12925569). Co-localizes with SNCAIP in brainstem Lewy bodies (PubMed:10319893, PubMed:11431533). Translocates to dysfunctional mitochondria that have lost the mitochondrial membrane potential; recruitment to mitochondria is PINK1-dependent (PubMed:24898855, PubMed:18957282, PubMed:19966284, PubMed:23620051). Mitochondrial localization also gradually increases with cellular growth (PubMed:22082830). .
Tissue expression
Highly expressed in the brain including the substantia nigra (PubMed:9560156, PubMed:19501131). Expressed in heart, testis and skeletal muscle (PubMed:9560156). Expression is down-regulated or absent in tumor biopsies, and absent in the brain of PARK2 patients (PubMed:14614460, PubMed:12719539). Overexpression protects dopamine neurons from kainate-mediated apoptosis (PubMed:12628165). Found in serum (at protein level) (PubMed:19501131).
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