Background
The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that is specifically induced by apoptosis, and it is involved in the control of angiogenesis, inflammation, and wound healing. The release of this cytokine renders the tumor-associated vasculature sensitive to tumor necrosis factor. The precursor protein is identical to the p43 subunit, which is associated with the multi-tRNA synthetase complex, and it modulates aminoacylation activity of tRNA synthetase in normal cells. This protein is also involved in the stimulation of inflammatory responses after proteolytic cleavage in tumor cells. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 20. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008],
Function
angiogenesis, blood vessel development, regulation of endothelial cell proliferation, negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation, vasculature development, monosaccharide metabolic process, glucose metabolic process, tRNA metabolic process, translation, tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation, apoptosis, cell motion, chemotaxis,defense response, inflammatory response, cell adhesion, cell-cell signaling, behavior, locomotory behavior, cell death,negative regulation of cell proliferation, response to wounding, programmed cell death, death, cell migration, hexose metabolic process, biological adhesion, ncRNA metabolic process, regulation of cell proliferation, taxis, amino acid activation, tRNA aminoacylation, blood vessel morphogenesis, cell motility, leukocyte migration, localization of cell,
Cellular localization
Nucleus . Cytoplasm, cytosol . Secreted . Endoplasmic reticulum . Golgi apparatus . Enriched in secretory vesicles of pancreatic alpha cells and secreted from the pancreas in response to low glucose levels (By similarity). Secreted in response to hypoxia (PubMed:10850427). Also secreted in response to both apoptotic and necrotic cell death. .
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